Java Operators
Operations on variables and values are performed out using operators.
Example
int result = a+b;
Here, addition operation (+) is done on two variables a and b and assigned to variable result.
Operators can be classified into multiple types as below.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Relational Operators
- Unary Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Ternary Operators
- Shift Operators
Arithmetic Operators
The arithmetic operators are used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulo operations.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Adds two values | a+b |
| - | Subtracts one value from other value | a-b |
| * | Multiplies 2 values | a*b |
| / | Divides one value from other value | a/b |
| % | Divides and returns the remainder | a%b |
Example
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 100;
int y = 10;
System.out.println(x + y);
System.out.println(x - y);
System.out.println(x * y);
System.out.println(x / y);
System.out.println(x % y);
}
}
Output
90
1000
10
0
Assignment Operators
The assignment operators are used to assign a value to the variable.
Example
int x = 100;
List of assignment operators are
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Assigns values to the left-side operand from the right-side operands. | a=10; |
| += | Adds the right operand and left operand and assign it to left operand | a+=b; |
| -= | Subtracts the right operand from left operand and assign it to left operand | a*=b; |
| *= | Multiplies the right operand and left operand and assign it to left operand | a*=b; |
| /= | Divides the left operand with right operand and assign it to left operand | a/=b; |
| %= | It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to left operand | a%=b; |
| ^= | Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand | a^=b; |
Example
public class Main
{
public static void main (String[]args)
{
int x = 10;
int y = 20;
int z;
System.out.println (z = x);
System.out.println (x += y);
System.out.println (x -= y);
System.out.println (x *= y);
System.out.println (x /= y);
System.out.println (x %= y);
System.out.println (x ^= y);
}
}
Output
10
30
10
200
10
10
30
Relational Operators
The relational operators are used to compare the values of right and left operands.
Example
x==y
This is used to check whether the values of x and y are equal.
List of relational operators are
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Checks whether right and left operands are equal | a==b |
| != | Checks whether right and left operand are not equal | a!=b |
| > | Checks whether left operand is greater than right operand | a>b |
| < | Checks whether right operand is greater than left operand | a<b |
| >= | Checks whether left operand is greater than or equal to right operand | a>=b |
| <= | Checks whether right operand is greater than left operand | a<=b |
Example
public class Main
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
int x = 100;
int y = 200;
System.out.println (x == y);
System.out.println (x != y);
System.out.println (x > y);
System.out.println (x < y);
System.out.println (x >= y);
System.out.println (x <= y);
}
}
Output
false
true
false
true
false
true
Logical Operators
Logic between variables or values is determined by logical operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
&& |
If both the statements are true, then it returns true. | x>y && x>z |
|| |
If either one of the statements is true, then it returns true | x>y || x>z |
! |
If an operand is false, it is true | !(x>y && x>z) |
Example
public class Main
{
public static void main (String[]args)
{
int x = 10, y = 20, z = 30;
System.out.println (x > y && x > z);
System.out.println (x > y || x > z);
System.out.println (!(x > y && x > z));
}
}
Output
false
false
true
Unary Operators
The unary operators are used to increment or decrement the value of the variable by 1.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
++ |
Increments the value of variable by 1. | a++ and ++a |
-- |
Decrements the value of variable by 1. | a-- and --a |
Example
public class Main
{
public static void main (String[]args)
{
int x = 5;
boolean b = true;
System.out.println (x++);
System.out.println (++x);
System.out.println (x--);
System.out.println (--x);
}
}
Output
5
7
7
5